ZOONOTIC VIRUSES WORLDWIDE AND THEIR CONNECTION WITH BATS:

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Before moving forward to our main topic,one interesting fact, perhaps you know about it's, Bats are  the only mammals that can fly (without plane).
Bats
Zoonotic viruses
•Zoonotic disease :is an infectious disease caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites that spread from non-human animals (usually vertebrates) to humans.
•BATS AND THEIR ROLE IN ECOLOGY:
The remarkable mammals known as “bats” and “flying foxes”  may be the most abundant, diverse, and geographically dispersed vertebrates . Although a great deal is known about them, detailed information is needed to explain the astonishing variations of their anatomy, their lifestyles, their roles in ecosystems ecology, and their importance as reservoir hosts of viruses of proven or potential significance for human and veterinary health.
Bats fly with wings which range in span from 130 mm to 2 m. Bats of various species feed on insects, mammals, fish, blood, fruit, and pollen. Bats of most species echolocate to navigate and to find prey. Bats are found on all continents except Antarctica. Bats also are being increasingly recognized as reservoir hosts for viruses which can cross species barriers (i.e., “spill over”) to infect humans and other domestic and wild mammals. Nonetheless, studies of the natural histories of bats and their importance as reservoir hosts of zoonotic viruses largely have been underappreciated and underfunded, except for their role in maintaining and transmitting rabies virus. Irrespective of the negative public perception of bats, they are critical elements of all terrestrial biotic communities. They help control insects, reseed cut forests, and pollinate plants that provide food for humans and other species, and their guano is used as a fertilizer and for manufacturing soaps, gasohol, and antibiotics . Bat echolocation and signal processing have provided models for sonar systems .
Bats evolved early and have changed relatively little in comparison with mammals of other taxa . Although the fossil record of bat evolution is incomplete, a recent analysis of 17 nuclear genes dated the origin of chiropterans to the Eocene period (52 to 50 million years ago), coincident with a significant rise in global temperature . Three major microchiropteran lineages were traced to Laurasia and a fourth to Gondwana . The correspondingly ancient origins deduced for certain zoonotic viruses maintained in bats, such as the henipaviruses  and lyssaviruses, suggest a long history of cospeciation..

• Why are bat viruses so deadly?
Bats and viruses
Bats 

•one of the molecular mechanisms in bats' immune systems is the lightning fast production of a signalling molecule called interferon-alpha, which is triggered in the response of viruses. When interferon proteins are secreted by virus-infected cells, nearby cells go into a defensive, antiviral state.A speciality of bats immunity that makes them ideal incubator,
Ebola. SARS. Rabies. MERS. Most probably even the flourishing new coronavirus, COVID-19. There's one animal that innocently and unwittingly gifts all these virulent scourges to humanity.

Why is that? According to new research, it's because bats may be the ultimate incubator, courtesy of a fiercely effective and robust immune system that seems to, in effect, train up viral strains, encouraging them to adapt and evolve into becoming as fit and infectious as they possibly can.

It's an unfortunate side effect of what is otherwise an awesome survival mechanism. Not unfortunate for bats, that is, but certainly for other species – because when viruses manage to leap from bats to other sorts of animals, including humans, the recipients' immune responses aren't equipped to counter these attuned, efficient, and highly transmissible pathogens.

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