WriCraft

■ SUPER APP, What's it :---- A super app is an app that provides various services I. E  no need of separate app for specific purpose. •Super-apps are multipurpose apps that have finely integrated multiple functions like chat options, payment and financial services, online shopping and much more. •Recently in Japan, Yahoo Japan’s parent Z Corp. merged with LINE, the most popular chat app in Japan, Taiwan and Thailand to develop superapp models for both brands. •Southeast Asia region, startups like Grab and Gojek are making their full attempts to develop themselves into super-apps by adding payment services, food delivery and more to their core ride-hailing functions. •recently the Facebook-Jio Deal On April 21, Facebook announced a $5.7 billion investment in Jio, India’s youngest but biggest mobile operator.

■ Poly-metallic nodule s: - -  is a vast repository of minerals, including the precious cobalt, zinc, manganese and rare earth materials that are needed for smart phones, laptops, hybrid cars and so on. ● They are present in the three forms as follows: 1.Polymetallic Manganese Nodules (PMN) that remain strewn across the ocean floor Cobalt-Rich Ferromanganese Crusts that cover the seamounts. •Massive Polymetallic Sulphide deposits around hydrothermal vents. 2.Polymetallic nodules were discovered in 1868 in the Kara Sea, in the Arctic Ocean of Siberia3.During the scientific expeditions of the HMS Challenger (1872–1876), they were found to occur in most oceans of the world. •Nodules of economic interest have been found in three areas around the world viz. North Central Pacific Ocean; •Peru Basin in the southeast Pacific, and Center of the north Indian Ocean. ■POLY-METALLIC NODULES,  CURRENT INTERNATIONAL REGULATORY FRAMEWORK AROUND SEABED DEPOSIT S:---The deposits on the

■  Genetically modified Crops   crops:-   According to the World Health Organization (WHO), genetically modified (GM) foods are foods derived from organisms whose genetic material (DNA) has been modified in a way that does not occur naturally, e.g. through the introduction of a gene from a different organism. Currently available GM foods stem mostly from plants, but in the future foods derived from GM microorganisms or GM animals are likely to be introduced on the market. Most existing genetically modified crops have been developed to improve yield, through the introduction of resistance to plant diseases or of increased tolerance of herbicides. ■ TECHNOLOGY BEHIND Genetically modified CROPS : The technology is often called “modern biotechnology” or “gene technology”, sometimes also “recombinant DNA technology” or “genetic engineering”.  It allows selected individual genes to be transferred from one organism into another, also between nonrelated species.  The res

■ StrandHogg(Cyber security ): Recently, the Ministry of Home Affairs has sent an alert to all States warning them about the vulnerability in the Android operating system that allows malware applications to pose as legitimate apps and access user data of all kinds.  Promon, a Norwegian firm specialising in In-App protection, found proof of this dangerous Android vulnerability, which they call 'StrandHogg’. ■ BUG:---- A bug is a general term used to describe any unexpected problem with hardware or software. ● A "bug" is an error or defect in software or hardware that causes a program to malfunction. ● The vulnerability allows sophisticated malware attacks without the need for a  device to be rooted to the Android operating system. ● Attackers exploit Android's control setting called 'taskAffinity', which enables any app to freely assume any identity in Android's multi tasking system . ■ HOW STRANDHOGG WORKS :- A malicious app installed on an

■ Virus :(what is a virus) • Virus was discovered by Ivanovsky.  • Tobacco Mosaic Virus was the first virus discovered. • It can survive only inside another living organism, animal or plant. • It is a connecting link between living and non-living things.  ■ Living properties of Viruses : • The presence of DNA or RNA (but never both). • Genetic and parasitic properties. • Capable of spreading the disease. ■ Non-living properties. • The absence of cell and lack of protoplasm • No any reproduction and growth outside the living cell • The lack of metabolic activities like nutrition, digestion. ● Structure of Virus:  • Virus has genetic material, either (DNA) Or (RNA). • Capsid- protein shell of virus and which protect the nucleic acid and aid in its transmission between host cells. • Some viruses have a third structure that surrounds the capsid called the envelope and is composed of a bilipid layer and glycoproteins. • Envelope protects the virus from immune system

■ SOLAR storm,solar flare,geomagnetic storm,coronal cloud,coronal mass ejection:-- • According to a research, sudden releases of high-energy particles from the sun, called solar storms, can mess with the navigational ability of gray whales, causing them to strand on land. • Solar storms have the potential to modify geomagnetic field and disrupt magnetic orientation. • They disrupt earth’s magnetic field — and the whales’ navigational sense. • The radio frequency noise created by the solar outburst affects the whales’ senses in a way that prevents them from navigating at all. • Solar storms are violent events on the sun which can temporarily distort the earth’s magnetosphere – the region around the earth which is influenced by its magnetic field. • Solar storms include:----  • Solar flare, a large explosion in the Sun's atmosphere.  • Coronal mass ejection (CME) , a massive burst of solar wind, sometimes associated with solar flares  • Coronal cloud, the mass of p

■ Genes & Genetic Engineering :  ● What are Genes ? ------) Genes are the functional units of DNA . • They represents various traits of an organism represented by base pair sequences in DNA. • Every aspect of that human being is represented by genes. For eg- Skin colour, Hair colour are represented by particular sequence of base pairs in any organism. ■ Genetic Engineering-----)   Term coined by Jack Williamson in his science fiction novel Dragon's Island, published in 1951. • Is the core technique of Biotechnology . • It involves the process of alteration of genes or to alter chemistry of genetic material to produce a desired trait.  Father of Genetic Engineering Paul Berg . • Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen (both American Scientists)were pioneers of recombinant DNA (r DNA) technology which made basis for the Biotechnology. ■ Recombinant DNA Technology: Recombinant DNA or r DNA is a unique DNA strand which is created artificially by joining two or more strands