WriCraft

■  Genetically modified Crops   crops:-   According to the World Health Organization (WHO), genetically modified (GM) foods are foods derived from organisms whose genetic material (DNA) has been modified in a way that does not occur naturally, e.g. through the introduction of a gene from a different organism. Currently available GM foods stem mostly from plants, but in the future foods derived from GM microorganisms or GM animals are likely to be introduced on the market. Most existing genetically modified crops have been developed to improve yield, through the introduction of resistance to plant diseases or of increased tolerance of herbicides. ■ TECHNOLOGY BEHIND Genetically modified CROPS : The technology is often called “modern biotechnology” or “gene technology”, sometimes also “recombinant DNA technology” or “genetic engineering”.  It allows selected individual genes to be transferred from one organism into another, also between nonrelated species.  The res

■ StrandHogg(Cyber security ): Recently, the Ministry of Home Affairs has sent an alert to all States warning them about the vulnerability in the Android operating system that allows malware applications to pose as legitimate apps and access user data of all kinds.  Promon, a Norwegian firm specialising in In-App protection, found proof of this dangerous Android vulnerability, which they call 'StrandHogg’. ■ BUG:---- A bug is a general term used to describe any unexpected problem with hardware or software. ● A "bug" is an error or defect in software or hardware that causes a program to malfunction. ● The vulnerability allows sophisticated malware attacks without the need for a  device to be rooted to the Android operating system. ● Attackers exploit Android's control setting called 'taskAffinity', which enables any app to freely assume any identity in Android's multi tasking system . ■ HOW STRANDHOGG WORKS :- A malicious app installed on an

■ Ecoclub:----- The annual meet of the National Green Corps  ‘Ecoclub’ programme of the MoEF&CC was recently organized--Sensitization measures for environment protection. • Environment Education Awareness and Training (EEAT) is an established central sector scheme of the Environment ministry continuing since 1983-84. • Under the scheme, National Green Corps (NGC) ‘Ecoclub’ programme was initiated in 2001-2002 with the objective to impart knowledge to school children. • To build young cadres of students and trigger their sensitivity towards environment protection and conservation. • Hands-on experience, about their immediate environment. • Observation, experimentation, survey, recording, analysis and reasoning for conserving the environment. • To promote logical and independent thinking. • To motivate and stimulate young minds. • The scheme is being operated through Eco-clubs of 5060 students having an interest in environment related issues, formed in member schools.

■ G.I.Tag:--- -----)  G.I . tag recognises the place of origin of a product and the specific qualities or means of production associated with it.  Acting as a certification, it is a way of ensuring that similar products from elsewhere cannot be sold under this name. Approved by the Geneva-headquartered World Trade Organization  GIs have been defined under Article 22(1) of the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights(TRIPS) Agreement . • Parmesan Reggiano cheese (Italy) ,  • Scotch whisky (Scotland),  • Champagne (France). ●  In India, the GI tag is governed by the Geographical Indication of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999. ● GI came into force with effect from 15 September 2003. • The tag is valid for a decade, after which it can be renewed for another 10 years. 363 GI tags as of March 2020. ■ Why is GI tag important and coveted? • Towns and cities are vying for the coveted Geographical Indicat

■ Eco Anxiety:---(upsc ) - Eco-anxiety  or  climate anxiety  has been described by the American Psychological Association in 2017 as "a chronic fear of environmental doom" but is not designated as a specific condition in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders . • Eco- anxiety is anxiety about ecolo  gical disasters and threats to  the natural environment such  as pollution and climate  change. Variations to the  definition exist such as the  broader description   explaining it as the "worry or  agitation caused by concerns  about the present and future  state of the environment. •Anxiety about ecological disasters and threats. • “worry or agitation caused by concerns about the  present and future state of the environment.” • Unable to reverse the crisis. •It is also the sense that no matter how hard we  work, nothing will ever be enough. •We know the deteriorating climate is affecting our  health.

■ Virus :(what is a virus) • Virus was discovered by Ivanovsky.  • Tobacco Mosaic Virus was the first virus discovered. • It can survive only inside another living organism, animal or plant. • It is a connecting link between living and non-living things.  ■ Living properties of Viruses : • The presence of DNA or RNA (but never both). • Genetic and parasitic properties. • Capable of spreading the disease. ■ Non-living properties. • The absence of cell and lack of protoplasm • No any reproduction and growth outside the living cell • The lack of metabolic activities like nutrition, digestion. ● Structure of Virus:  • Virus has genetic material, either (DNA) Or (RNA). • Capsid- protein shell of virus and which protect the nucleic acid and aid in its transmission between host cells. • Some viruses have a third structure that surrounds the capsid called the envelope and is composed of a bilipid layer and glycoproteins. • Envelope protects the virus from immune system

cabbage strategy It is also called as ‘salami-slicing’ strategy. Under this strategy, a contested area is surrounded by multiple security layers to deny access to the rival nation and is claimed subsequently. As per the observers, China, for a long time, has been pursuing this strategy, over the land and in the oceans against her neighbouring countries like India, Japan, Bhutan, the Philippines, Japan, Malaysia and Brunei as a tool to expand its frontiers. Cabbage strategy in the South China Sea China’s claim over islands in the South China Sea is of centuries old. However, the first official claim in the modern period dates back to 1947, wherein it demarcated its claims with a U-shaped line made up of eleven dashes on a map. In the early 1950s’, two dashes of the proposed line around the Gulf of Tonkin were removed to pacify the Communist Government in Noth Vietnam. Subsequently, the nine-dash line has emerged as the new flashpoint, which covers  two groups of islands -  Sprat

■ Blue,Black, red, green, orange,yellow &Purple   corner notices( upsc) : An  Interpol notice  is an international alert circulated by Interpol to communicate information about crimes, criminals, and threats by police in a member state (or an authorised international entity) to their counterparts around the world. The information disseminated via notices concerns individuals wanted for serious crimes, missing persons, unidentified bodies, possible threats, prison escapes, and criminals' modus operandi . There are eight types of notices, seven of which are colour-coded by their function: Red, Blue, Green, Yellow, Black, Orange, and Purple. The most well-known notice is the Red Notice which is the "closest instrument to an international arrest warrant in use today".    An eighth Special Notice is issued at the request of the United Nations Security Council. Notices published by Interpol are made either on the organisation's own initiative or are b