Post Mauryan Art & Architecture
☆ Post – Mauryan Art:
From the second century BCE onwards, various rulers established their control over the vast Mauryan Empire: the Shungas, Kanvas, and Guptas in the north and parts of central; the Satavahanas, Ikshavakus, Abhiras, Vakataks in southern and western India. Incidentally it also marked the beginning of main Bramhanical sects such as the Vaishnavas and the Shaivas. However the most important part of that period was arrival of foreign tribal groups like the Indo Greeks. They mingled themselves with the various changes - socio cultural, political and economic level, which heralded almost a new kind of architecture typically termed as the “Post Mauryan Architecture”.The construction of Caves, Stupas and sculpture continued from where it was in the Mauryan Period. Notable was the advancement in Sculpture making which reached its climax during this period. Some of the finest sculptures are found at Vidisha, Barhat (M.P
The construction of Caves, Stupas and sculpture continued from where it was in the Mauryan
Period. Notable was the advancement in Sculpture making which reached its climax during this .), Bodha Gaya (Bihar)
Jaggayapeta (A.P.), Mathura (U.P.) Khandgiri-Udaigiri (Odisha), Bhaja near Pune, Pavani near Nagpur (Maharashtra). .), Bodha Gaya (Bihar)
Udaigiri (Odisha), Bhaja near Pune, Pavani near
■ Caves Tradition:
In western India, many Buddhist caves dating back to the second century BCE onwards have been excavated.
Mainly three architectural types were executed Chaitya halls---
(1) Apsidal Vault (found at Ajanta, Pithalkhora,
Bhaja);
(2) Apsidal Vault – Roof pillarless hall (found at Thana – Nadsur); and
(3) Flatquadrangular hall with a circular chamber at back (found at Kondivite).
▪ In all the chaitya, quadrangular hall with a circular chamber at back (found at Kondivite).
▪ In all caves a stupa at the back is common.
▪ The second important development
around the walls of important vihara in the
caves was excavation of Viharas.
▪ The plan of viharas consists of a veranda, a hall and cells around the walls of halls. Some of the important vihara caves are Ajanta cave no.12,Bedsa cave no.11, Nashik cave no.3, 10 & 17.
● Some of Purpose of cave structures:
1)Chaitya=Prayer hall for monks.
2)vihara = Residency.
● Stupas:
The original brick Stupa built during Ashoka’s timewas at first enclosed by wooden fence and ow carved with
The original brick Stupa built during Ashoka’s timewas at first enclosed by wooden fence and later replaced by the massive stone balustrade. All the four gateways were n beautiful sculptures.
• Stupa – 1 at Sanchi has upper as well as lower circumbulatory path. It has four beautifully decorated life of the Buddha and the jatakas. Figure compositions
pradakshinapatha
circumbulatory path. It has four beautifully decorated toranas depicting various events from the Figure compositions are in high relief, filling up the entire
are in high relief, filling up the entire
space. Depiction of picture gets naturalistic and there is no stiffness in the body. Carving technique appeared more advanced. Symbols continued to be used representing the Buddha . According to tradition, there are 24 Buddhas but only 1st one
space. Depiction of picture gets naturalistic and there is no stiffness in the body. Carving technique appeared more advanced. Symbols continued to be used representing the Buddha ng to tradition, there are 24 Buddhas but only 1st one
and the Manushi Buddhas2 dipankar and last six are pictorially represented at Sanchi-1.
----● Sculpture:
The apex of the sculpture making is said to be found in this period. The first century CE onwards, Gandhara (now in Pakistan), Mathura in northern India and Vengi in Andhra Pradesh emerged as important centres of art production. Buddha in the symbolic form got a human form in Mathura and Gandhara. The sculptural tradition in Gandhara had the confluence of Bactria, Parthia and the local Gandhara Tradition. The Gandhara region had long been a crossroads of cultuaral influences. During the reign of Emperor Ashoka, the region became the scene of intensive Buddhist missionary activity. And in the 1st century CE, rulers of Kushan empire which included Gandhara,
• Gandhara school of art.
maintained contacts with Rome. In its interpretation of Buddhist legends, the Gandhara school incorporated many motifs and techniques from classical Roman Art. On the other hand, the local sculptural tradition at Mathura
became so strong that the tradition spread to other parts of northern India.Images of Vaishnava (mainly Vishnu and his various forms) and Shaiva (mainly the lingas and mukhalingas ) faith are also found at Mathura but Buddhist images are found in large numbers.
• Amravati school of art.
From the second century BCE onwards, various rulers established their control over the vast Mauryan Empire: the Shungas, Kanvas, and Guptas in the north and parts of central; the Satavahanas, Ikshavakus, Abhiras, Vakataks in southern and western India. Incidentally it also marked the beginning of main Bramhanical sects such as the Vaishnavas and the Shaivas. However the most important part of that period was arrival of foreign tribal groups like the Indo Greeks. They mingled themselves with the various changes - socio cultural, political and economic level, which heralded almost a new kind of architecture typically termed as the “Post Mauryan Architecture”.The construction of Caves, Stupas and sculpture continued from where it was in the Mauryan Period. Notable was the advancement in Sculpture making which reached its climax during this period. Some of the finest sculptures are found at Vidisha, Barhat (M.P
The construction of Caves, Stupas and sculpture continued from where it was in the Mauryan
Period. Notable was the advancement in Sculpture making which reached its climax during this .), Bodha Gaya (Bihar)
Jaggayapeta (A.P.), Mathura (U.P.) Khandgiri-Udaigiri (Odisha), Bhaja near Pune, Pavani near Nagpur (Maharashtra). .), Bodha Gaya (Bihar)
Udaigiri (Odisha), Bhaja near Pune, Pavani near
■ Caves Tradition:
In western India, many Buddhist caves dating back to the second century BCE onwards have been excavated.
Mainly three architectural types were executed Chaitya halls---
(1) Apsidal Vault (found at Ajanta, Pithalkhora,
Bhaja);
(2) Apsidal Vault – Roof pillarless hall (found at Thana – Nadsur); and
(3) Flatquadrangular hall with a circular chamber at back (found at Kondivite).
▪ In all the chaitya, quadrangular hall with a circular chamber at back (found at Kondivite).
▪ In all caves a stupa at the back is common.
▪ The second important development
around the walls of important vihara in the
caves was excavation of Viharas.
▪ The plan of viharas consists of a veranda, a hall and cells around the walls of halls. Some of the important vihara caves are Ajanta cave no.12,Bedsa cave no.11, Nashik cave no.3, 10 & 17.
● Some of Purpose of cave structures:
1)Chaitya=Prayer hall for monks.
2)vihara = Residency.
● Stupas:
The original brick Stupa built during Ashoka’s timewas at first enclosed by wooden fence and ow carved with
The original brick Stupa built during Ashoka’s timewas at first enclosed by wooden fence and later replaced by the massive stone balustrade. All the four gateways were n beautiful sculptures.
• Stupa – 1 at Sanchi has upper as well as lower circumbulatory path. It has four beautifully decorated life of the Buddha and the jatakas. Figure compositions
pradakshinapatha
circumbulatory path. It has four beautifully decorated toranas depicting various events from the Figure compositions are in high relief, filling up the entire
are in high relief, filling up the entire
space. Depiction of picture gets naturalistic and there is no stiffness in the body. Carving technique appeared more advanced. Symbols continued to be used representing the Buddha . According to tradition, there are 24 Buddhas but only 1st one
space. Depiction of picture gets naturalistic and there is no stiffness in the body. Carving technique appeared more advanced. Symbols continued to be used representing the Buddha ng to tradition, there are 24 Buddhas but only 1st one
and the Manushi Buddhas2 dipankar and last six are pictorially represented at Sanchi-1.
----● Sculpture:
The apex of the sculpture making is said to be found in this period. The first century CE onwards, Gandhara (now in Pakistan), Mathura in northern India and Vengi in Andhra Pradesh emerged as important centres of art production. Buddha in the symbolic form got a human form in Mathura and Gandhara. The sculptural tradition in Gandhara had the confluence of Bactria, Parthia and the local Gandhara Tradition. The Gandhara region had long been a crossroads of cultuaral influences. During the reign of Emperor Ashoka, the region became the scene of intensive Buddhist missionary activity. And in the 1st century CE, rulers of Kushan empire which included Gandhara,
• Gandhara school of art.• Amravati school of art.
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