WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION FUNDING

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■ W.H.O.:---The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health.

The WHO was established in 7 April 1948, which is commemorated as World Health Day.
India became a party to the WHO Constitution 1948 itself.

 ● WHO Member States are grouped into 6 WHO regions:--
1. African Region.
2. Region for the Americas.
3. Eastern Mediterranean Region.
4. European Region.
5. South-East Asia Region.
6. Western Pacific Region

 ■ WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION FUNDING :--                             Who funds WHO?
1. Voluntary donations from member states - 35.41%.
2. Assessed contributions - 15.66%.
3. Philanthropic organisations - 9.33%.
4. United Nations organisations - 8.1%.
5. OTHERS ~35 %.

 ●Countries decide how much they pay and may also choose not to.
Assessed contributions = membership dues from countries.
• Assessed contributions are calculated based on the gross domestic product and size of population, but they have not increased in real terms since the level of payments was frozen in the 1980s.
• Voluntary contributions come from Member States (in addition to their assessed contribution) or from other 18 partners. In recent years, voluntary contributions have accounted for more than three quarters of the Organization’s financing Voluntary contributions come from Member States (in addition to their assessed contribution) or from other.

 ■UTILISATION OF MONEY :----The annual programme of work is passed by WHO’s decisionmaking body, the World Health Assembly.

• It is attended by delegates from all member states and focuses on a specific health agenda prepared by the Executive Board.
The decision on which country gets how much depends on the situation in the countries.
●In 2018-19  :----19.36% (about $1 bn) was spent on polio eradication.
● 8.77% on increasing access to essential health and nutrition services.
● 7% on vaccine preventable diseases and
● 4.36% on prevention and control of outbreaks.
● The Africa countries received $1.6 bn for WHO projects  South East Asia (including India) received $375 mn.
● The Americas received $62.2 mn for WHO projects.

 ■IMPACTS OF USA cuts-funding?
Funding cuts may cause the WHO to go bankrupt in the middle of a pandemic. That might mean the WHO has to fire staff, even as they are trying to help low- and middle-income countries save lives.
It will also mean the WHO is less able to coordinate international efforts around issues like vaccine research, procurement of personal protective equipment for health workers and providing technical assistance and experts to help countries fight the pandemic.

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